Which impairment is typically caused by a congenital anomaly?

• A. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
• B. Down syndrome
• C. Clubfoot
• D. Diabetes

Answer: (C)

The correct answer is clubfoot. This condition is a physical deformity characterized by an abnormal positioning of the foot that may be turned inward and downward. It is typically detected at birth, indicating that its origin is linked to a congenital anomaly—a structural defect that arises during fetal development.

While fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Down syndrome can also be associated with developmental issues, they do not fall under the category of impairments caused solely by a congenital anomaly in the same way as clubfoot, since they have multifactorial causes involving environmental and genetic factors.

Diabetes, on the other hand, is primarily an acquired condition rather than one stemming from congenital anomalies. Therefore, clubfoot is distinctly associated with congenital malformations, confirming it as the correct answer.