Which condition is commonly associated with speech or language impairment?

• A. Fragile X Syndrome
• B. Stuttering
• C. Bipolar disorder
• D. Epilepsy

Answer: (B)

The condition that is commonly associated with speech or language impairment is stuttering. This speech disorder specifically impacts the fluency of speech, characterized by disruptions such as repetitions of sounds, syllables, or words. Those who stutter often face challenges in both expressive and sometimes receptive language skills, leading to difficulties in communication.

In contrast, while Fragile X Syndrome can lead to various developmental issues, including speech and language delays, it is a genetic condition that encompasses a broader range of symptoms beyond language impairment alone. Bipolar disorder, primarily classified as a mood disorder, affects emotional regulation and behavior rather than speech or language functions. Lastly, epilepsy, a neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures, can have some effects on language as a secondary concern in certain individuals, but it does not specifically cause speech or language impairments in the same way that stuttering does. Thus, stuttering is the condition most directly and commonly associated with speech or language impairment.