What is the aim of shaping behaviors in Applied Behavior Analysis?

• A. To gradually reinforce closer approximations to a desired behavior
• B. To discourage all unwanted actions
• C. To establish a rigid learning structure
• D. To increase independence without guidance

Answer: (A)

The aim of shaping behaviors in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is to gradually reinforce closer approximations to a desired behavior. This process involves breaking down a target behavior into smaller, achievable steps and progressively reinforcing each step as the individual gets closer to the desired behavior. By doing this, the learner is motivated to continue making progress, as they receive positive reinforcement for their efforts.

Shaping is particularly useful when teaching complex behaviors that cannot be immediately performed by the learner. It allows for incremental learning, which is essential in helping individuals develop new skills at their own pace. For instance, if teaching a child to tie their shoes, a behavior analyst may first reinforce them for simply picking up the shoelaces, then for crossing them, and so on, until they can tie their shoes independently.

The other options focus on either discouraging behaviors, imposing rigid structures, or promoting independence without guidance, but they do not accurately reflect the nuanced approach that shaping takes towards behavior change. Shaping emphasizes positive reinforcement and gradual progress rather than discouragement or a one-size-fits-all structure.