What does fading refer to in learning and behavior modification?

• A. Complete removal of the reinforcement process
• B. Gradual change of a stimulus while the response remains the same
• C. Immediate reinforcement to encourage behavior
• D. Reduction of the learning objectives over time

Answer: (B)

Fading in learning and behavior modification specifically refers to the gradual change of a stimulus while the response remains the same. This process typically involves slowly reducing prompts or cues that precede a desired behavior, allowing the individual to become more independent in performing that behavior. For instance, if a teacher initially provides significant assistance to help a student complete a task, they might gradually lessen the amount of help given. By doing this, the student can learn to rely on their own skills and knowledge over time.

The method of fading helps ensure that the learned behavior is maintained in the long run while moving towards promoting autonomy in the individual. This supports the overall goal of behavior modification, which is to create lasting changes that do not rely on constant external reinforcement or prompts.