Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) involves which of the following?

• A. Reinforcing a behavior that is physically incompatible with the unwanted behavior
• B. Reinforcing any behavior that occurs during a specific time interval
• C. Reinforcing a behavior that serves as an alternative to the undesired behavior
• D. Decreasing the frequency of a behavior to a tolerable level

Answer: (C)

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) specifically focuses on reinforcing a behavior that serves as an alternative to an undesired behavior. This strategy is often utilized in behavior modification to encourage individuals to engage in more acceptable or constructive behaviors instead of the problematic ones. By reinforcing a positive behavior that meets the same function or need as the undesired behavior, the likelihood of the alternative behavior occurring increases, while simultaneously decreasing the frequency of the undesired behavior.

For instance, if a student frequently shouts in class for attention, a teacher might reinforce the student for raising their hand and waiting to be called on instead. The reinforcement (like praise or a token) increases the likelihood that the student will use the alternative behavior (raising their hand) in the future.

The other options represent different behavioral strategies but do not capture the essence of DRA. Reinforcing physically incompatible behaviors focuses on behaviors that cannot occur at the same time but does not address promoting an alternative behavior that serves the same purpose. Reinforcing any behavior within a specific time interval pertains more to differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), which aims to decrease the frequency of a specific behavior by reinforcing any behavior that occurs instead. Reducing the frequency of a behavior to a tolerable level aligns more